The rights language in the patent has the following usage rights defined: RightĪ process of rendering or performing a digital work on some processor. A maker of generic computer systems cannot guarantee that their platform will not be used to make unauthorized copies." He also anticipates the need for special "devices" that can render the works while maintaining the protection, and acknowledges that the general-purpose computer is not a trusted device: ".repositories never allow non-trusted system to access the works directly. Of these repositories and the diagrams that illustrate their workings look somewhatĬrude by today's standards of trusted systems design, but they cover a goodĭeal of the thinking about trusted systems that is current today. That are permanently and directly attached to a digital work. The 1994 patent proposes a set of trusted repositories that enforce usage rights Patent 5,715,403, issued to Xerox Corporation). Having Attached Usage Rights Where the Usage Rights are Defined by a Usage Rights Stefik filed for Xerox in November of 1994 (and was granted in February of 1998)Įntitled: "System for Controlling the Distribution and Use of Digital Work The earliest evidence of this system that I have access to is the patent that One part was a language to express the rights that the system would allow users Stefik's research was on the topic of trusted systems for Xerox PARC, is known as the originator of the concepts that became the XrML
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The Beginning - Xerox PARCĪlthough he wasn't the first person to define an interest in expressing rightsĪlgorithmically for the purpose of e-commerce, Mark Stefik, a researcher at XrML has extensive vocabularly that interacts with trusted systems and business practices that are not covered here. My write-up here focuses on the usage rights, and by that I mean the rights that mainly determine what an end user can do with the digital resource. Robin Cover's coverage (no pun intended) of XrML's chronological development and technology is an excellent source of information.
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I am creating this document to store and preserve what I have learned, and perhaps to save the time of others interested in this topic.
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I did some exploring of the evolution of XrML when researching a white paper on rights expression languages for the Library of Congress. This is neither a definitive nor even a nearly complete history of the rights expression language known as the eXtensible rights Markup Language. XrML - A History of Usage Rights by Karen Coyleįirst posted: Jupdated Jupdated August 19, 2004 Topics: copyright technology libraries privacy more.